Clean Zone

A local spatial structure which is constructed and used to minimize entry, generation and retention of particles within that zone.

Capping

The first modification made to transcribed RNA and takes place co-transcriptionally in the nucleus as soon as the first 25–30 nucleotides are incorporated into the transcript.

Chickenpox

An illness caused by the varicella-zoster virus characterized by an itchy rash with small, fluid-filled blisters.

Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG)

Statements that include recommendations intended to optimize patient care that are informed by a systematic review of evidence and an assessment of the benefits and harms of alternative care options.

Capsid

The protein shell of a virus, enclosing its genetic material.

Chiral

Asymmetric in such a way that the structure and its mirror image are not superimposable.

Capsomere

The capsomere is a subunit of the capsid, an outer covering of protein that protects the genetic material of a virus. Capsomeres self-assemble to form the capsid.

Chromatography

A laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its components. Chemical mixture carried by a liquid or gas is separated into components as a result of differential distribution of the solutes as they flow around or over a stationary liquid or solid phase.

Capsule

A polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope of bacteria.

Cleaning Validation

A procedure of establishing documented evidence that cleaning processes for manufacturing equipment prevents product contamination.

Carry-over Effect

Any effect from a previous experimental intervention that carries over onto a period after the experiment has been terminated and subjects are no longer experiencing the intervention.

Cleanroom

An engineered space that maintains a very low concentration of airborne particulates. It is well isolated, well controlled from contamination, and actively cleansed.